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Kra languages
The Kra languages (Chinese: ''Gēyāng'', 仡央, short for Kláo–Bouxyaeŋz) are a branch of the Tai–Kadai family spoken in southern China (Yunnan, Guangxi, Hainan) and in northern Vietnam. Out of the entire Tai–Kadai family, the Kra branch is the least studied. Individual Kra languages have only been recently described in any detail.
The name ''Kra'' comes from the word C〔Note: C is a reconstructed tone.〕 "human", which appears as ''kra, ka, fa, ha'' in various Kra languages. Benedict (1942) used the term ''Kadai'' for the Kra and Hlai languages taken together, and the term ''Kra-Dai'' is proposed by Ostapirat for the Tai-Kadai family as a whole.
==Significance==
Several Kra languages have consonant clusters and disyllabic words, whereas other Tai–Kadai languages only have single consonants. The disyllables in Buyang have been used by Sagart (2004)() to support the view that the Tai-Kadai languages are a subgroup within the Austronesian family. Unlike the Tai and Kam–Sui languages, most Kra languages, including Gelao and Buyang, have preserved the proto-Tai–Kadai numerical systems. The only other Tai–Kadai branch that preserves this is Hlai.〔Norquest, Peter K. 2007. (''A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Hlai'' ). Ph.D. Department of Anthropology, University of Arizona.〕 Most other Tai–Kadai languages adopted Chinese numerals over 1000 years ago.
As noted by linguist Jerold A. Edmondson, the Kra languages contain words in metalworking, handicrafts, and agriculture that are not attested in any other Tai–Kadai language.〔Diller, Anthony, Jerold A. Edmondson, and Yongxian Luo ed. ''The Tai–Kadai Languages''. Routledge Language Family Series. Psychology Press, 2008.〕 This suggests that the Kra peoples may have developed or borrowed many technological innovations independently of the Tai and Kam-Sui peoples.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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